Under the Bibliography heading there is a Layout option that provides options for inserting text before and after each reference in a bibliography, as well as applying hanging indents to your references.
In the "Start each reference with" section, you can specify what information, if any, should appear before each reference in your bibliography. (For information on how to add a prefix before a citation, see Temporary Citations).
A common reference prefix is the bibliography number, which is used by all numbered styles to number the references in a bibliography.
To add a bibliography number before each reference:
Open the Style Manager by selecting Output Styles from the Edit menu, and then selecting Open Style Manager.
Select the style that you would like to edit, and then click Edit.
After the Style window opens, select Layout from under the Bibliography heading.
Click in the text box below the "Start each reference with" section, and select Bibliography Number from the Insert Field list.
Type the necessary punctuation after the bibliography number (such as a period and a space) or insert a tab from the Insert Field list.
With a style configured in this way, EndNote creates a bibliography with numbered references, such as:
1. Argus, M.V. New paleontological excavation techniquesNature19, 234-237 (1993).
Note: To create a hanging indent, where the second and subsequent lines of a reference are indented, see Hanging Indents below.
Other commonly used reference prefixes appear in the Insert Field list.
Some bibliographic styles use a Label in the citation and the bibliography to refer to each entry with a short mnemonic code, often the author’s name and the last two digits of the year. When you enter references into your library, you can type the mnemonic code directly into the Label field. When EndNote builds a bibliography, it can put that code before each reference.
Selecting Citation as a reference prefix allows you to label the references in the bibliography with the in-text citation.
Reference Type will insert the reference type (such as Journal Article or Book) before each reference.
Record Number will insert the record number before each reference. The record number is the number that EndNote assigns to each reference in the library, and it is also used in the in-text citations. Add Record Number as a reference prefix in any style in order to print all the references in your library with their unique EndNote record numbers.
Use the "End each reference with" section of the Layout panel to specify what information, if any, should follow each reference in your bibliography. (For information on how to add text after an in-text citation in your document, see Citation Suffixes).
This command can be used to add the content of the Label, Keywords, Abstract, or Notes field, or the Record Number. Any other text or punctuation can also be entered as a reference suffix and it will appear at the end of each reference in the formatted bibliography. Two common uses for the Reference Suffix command are shown below.
If you have notes that you want to print together with your references, you should add the Notes field as a reference suffix in the style that you are using to print or format the references.
Open the Style Manager by selecting Output Styles from the Edit menu and selecting Open Style Manager.
Select the style that you would like to edit, and click Edit.
After the Style window opens, select Layout from under the Bibliography heading.
Click in the text box below the "End each reference with" section, and select Notes from the Insert Field list. This will append the Notes field to every reference in the bibliography when you format a paper with the style.
If you want the notes to begin on a new line after the reference, insert a paragraph mark from the Insert Field list before "Notes." If you want the notes to be indented, like the start of a new paragraph, insert a Tab before the word "Notes."
Another common use for the Layout options is to add a blank line between references. To do this, edit the style as described above, and insert a paragraph mark (using the Insert Field list) into the "End each reference with" section.
To tighten up the bibliography and get rid of the blank line after each reference, edit the style, click on the Layout panel, and select and delete the paragraph mark ( ¶) to get rid of the blank line.
Many numbered bibliographic styles require a hanging indent, as shown in this example:
Postma,
Nyamweru,
EndNote provides a few hanging indent options. Normally, each reference is one paragraph, so some of these options would not apply. But if you have a reference that includes more than one paragraph, EndNote gives you options for which paragraph within a reference the hanging indents should apply. Examples of multi-paragraph references include annotated bibliographies where the abstracts follow each reference, or a style such as those common in anthropology journals where the authors are on a line of their own
Hanging indent options include: None, All Paragraphs, First Paragraph Only, Second Paragraph Only, and All Paragraphs but the First. The following is an example of when you would use Second Paragraph Only. The style requires that authors begin on the left margin, and then the year (and the rest of the reference) starts on a new line and is indented. The style applies a hanging indent to the second paragraph only, and inserts a tab before and after the year. In the word processing document, the spacing for the hanging indent should be aligned with the second tab stop.
Curtis,
The spacing used for tabs and indents is determined by the ruler settings in your word processor.
Note: If you are creating a numbered bibliography, as shown in the previous example, insert a tab after the bibliography number to have the references line up correctly.
Tabs may be inserted from the Insert Field list. A tab entered into a style will appear as a tab in the formatted bibliography. The tab appears as an arrow on the screen. The width of the tab as it appears in the bibliography is determined by the tab settings in your word processor.
Tabs are often entered after the bibliography number as part of the Layout settings. This helps to align the start of each reference after the number, which is especially important if the bibliography entries use a hanging indent.